محمد بن سعد
April 23rd, 2009, 16:23
ما هو المفاعل النووي؟
المفاعلات النووية
منشآت ضخمة يتم فيها السيطرة على عملية الأنشطار النووي
يتم الحفاظ بأجواء اأستمرارية العملية الأنشطارية
دون وقوع أي انفجار اثناء التسلسل الأنشطاري النووي
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Crocus-p1020491.jpg/300px-Crocus-p1020491.jpg
المفاعلات النووية تُستخدم لعدد من الأغراض :
(1) توليد الطاقة الكهربائية
(2) تصنيع الأسلحة النووية
(3) ازالة أملاح ومعادن من الماء للحصول على مياه للشرب
(4) تحويل عناصر كيميائية معينة إلى عناصر اخرى
(5) خلق نظائر عناصر كيميائية ذات فعالية اشعاعية
(6) اغراض اخرى في الطب والتداوي ،، إلخ.
يتوقع الخبراء نقصا في الطاقة الكهربائية في المستقبل
نتيجة ظاهرة انحباس حراري بسبب أنشطة البشر مثل :
مخلفات المصانع والنفط ومصادر الطاقة وغيرها ،،
الاعتقاد السائد ان الطاقة النووية هي السبيل الأمثل لسد هذا النقص.
هذا وسوف يأتي الحديث لاحقا عن تخصيب اليورانيوم (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%8A#.D8.AA.D8.AE.D8.B5.D9.8A .D8.A8_.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.8A.D9.88.D8.B1.D8.A7.D9.86.D9.8A.D9.88.D9.85)وما تعنيه الكعكة الصفراء
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Yellowcake.jpg/200px-Yellowcake.jpg
-
هل تعلمون كم يوجد مفاعل نووي في العالم ؟
دعونا نبدأ هذه الرحلة من
ألولايات المتحدة الأمريكية
أولا: المفاعلات النووية العاملة
http://www.nrc.gov/images/info-finder/reactor/reactors-map.gif
يمكنكم الضغط على إسم كل مفاعل نووي لرؤية التفاصيل
Arkansas Nuclear (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/ano1.html)1 - Arkansas Nuclear (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/ano2.html)2
Beaver Valley (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/bv1.html)1 - Beaver Valley (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/bv2.html)2 - Braidwood (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/brai1.html)1 - Braidwood (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/brai2.html)2 - Browns Ferry (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/bf1.html)1 - Browns Ferry (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/bf2.html)2 - Browns Ferry (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/bf3.html)3 - Brunswick (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/bru1.html)1 - Brunswick (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/bru2.html)2 - Byron (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/byro1.html)1 - Byron (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/byro2.html)2
Callaway (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/call.html) - Calvert Cliffs (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/calv1.html)1 - Calvert Cliffs (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/calv2.html)2 - Catawba (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/cat1.html)1 - Catawba (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/cat2.html)2 - Clinton (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/clin.html) - Columbia Generating Station (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/wash2.html) - Comanche Peak (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/cp1.html)1 - Comanche Peak (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/cp2.html)2 - Cooper (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/cns.html) - Crystal River (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/cr3.html)3
D.C. Cook (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/cook1.html)1 - D.C. Cook (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/cook2.html)2 - Davis-Besse (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/davi.html)
Diablo Canyon (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/diab1.html)1 - Diablo Canyon (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/diab2.html)2 - Dresden (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/dres2.html)2 - Dresden (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/dres3.html)3 - Duane Arnold (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/duan.html)
Farley (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/far1.html)1 - Farley (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/far2.html)2 - Fermi (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/ferm2.html)2 - FitzPatrick (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/fitz.html) - Fort Calhoun (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/fcs.html)
Ginna (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/ginn.html) - Grand Gulf (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/gg1.html)1
Harris (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/har1.html)1 - Hatch (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/hat1.html)1 - Hatch (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/hat2.html)2 - Hope Creek (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/hope.html)1
Indian Point (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/ip2.html)2 - Indian Point (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/ip3.html)3
Kewaunee (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/kewa.html)
La Salle (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/lasa1.html)1 - La Salle (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/lasa2.html)2 - Limerick (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/lim1.html)1 - Limerick (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/lim2.html)2
McGuire (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/mcg1.html)1 - McGuire (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/mcg2.html)2
Millstone (http://http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/mill2.html)2 - Millstone (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/mill3.html)3 - Monticello (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/mont.html)
Nine Mile Point (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/nmp1.html)1 - Nine Mile Point (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/nmp2.html)2 - North Anna (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/na1.html)1 - North Anna (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/na2.html)2
Oconee (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/oco1.html)1 - Oconee (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/oco2.html)2 - Oconee (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/oco3.html)3 - Oyster Creek (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/oc.html)
Palisades (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/pali.html)- Palo Verde (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/palo1.html)1 - Palo Verde (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/palo2.html)2 - Palo Verde (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/palo3.html)3 - Peach Bottom (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/pb2.html)2 - Peach Bottom (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/pb3.html)3 - Perry (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/perr1.html)1 - Pilgrim (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/pilg.html)1 - Point Beach (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/poin1.html)1 - Point Beach (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/poin2.html)2 - Prairie Island (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/prai1.html)1 - Prairie Island (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/prai2.html)2
Quad Cities (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/quad1.html)1 - Quad Cities (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/quad2.html)2
River Bend (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/rbs1.html)1 - Robinson (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/rob2.html)2
Saint Lucie (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/stl1.html)1 - Saint Lucie (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/stl2.html)2 - Salem (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/salm1.html)1 - Salem (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/salm2.html)2 - San Onofre (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/sano2.html)2 - San Onofre (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/sano3.html)3 - Seabrook (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/seab1.html)1 - Sequoyah (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/seq1.html)1 - Sequoyah (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/seq2.html)2 - South Texas (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/stp1.html)1 - South Texas (http://http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/stp2.html)2 - Summer (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/sum.html) - Surry (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/sur1.html)1 - Surry (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/sur2.html)2 - Susquehanna (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/susq1.html)1 - Susquehanna (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/susq2.html)2
Three Mile Island (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/tmi1.html)1 - Turkey Point (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/tp3.html)3 - Turkey Point (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/tp4.html)4
Vermont Yankee (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/vy.html) - Vogtle (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/vog1.html)1 - Vogtle (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/vog2.html)2
Waterford (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/wat3.html)3 - Watts Bar (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/wb1.html)1 - Wolf Creek (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/wc.html)1
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ثانيا: المفاعلات النووية التي في طور الإنشاء إضغط هنا (http://www.nrc.gov/reactors/new-reactors/col/new-reactor-map.html)<<
هذا وللحديث بقية
المفاعلات النووية
منشآت ضخمة يتم فيها السيطرة على عملية الأنشطار النووي
يتم الحفاظ بأجواء اأستمرارية العملية الأنشطارية
دون وقوع أي انفجار اثناء التسلسل الأنشطاري النووي
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Crocus-p1020491.jpg/300px-Crocus-p1020491.jpg
المفاعلات النووية تُستخدم لعدد من الأغراض :
(1) توليد الطاقة الكهربائية
(2) تصنيع الأسلحة النووية
(3) ازالة أملاح ومعادن من الماء للحصول على مياه للشرب
(4) تحويل عناصر كيميائية معينة إلى عناصر اخرى
(5) خلق نظائر عناصر كيميائية ذات فعالية اشعاعية
(6) اغراض اخرى في الطب والتداوي ،، إلخ.
يتوقع الخبراء نقصا في الطاقة الكهربائية في المستقبل
نتيجة ظاهرة انحباس حراري بسبب أنشطة البشر مثل :
مخلفات المصانع والنفط ومصادر الطاقة وغيرها ،،
الاعتقاد السائد ان الطاقة النووية هي السبيل الأمثل لسد هذا النقص.
هذا وسوف يأتي الحديث لاحقا عن تخصيب اليورانيوم (http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%8A#.D8.AA.D8.AE.D8.B5.D9.8A .D8.A8_.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.8A.D9.88.D8.B1.D8.A7.D9.86.D9.8A.D9.88.D9.85)وما تعنيه الكعكة الصفراء
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Yellowcake.jpg/200px-Yellowcake.jpg
-
هل تعلمون كم يوجد مفاعل نووي في العالم ؟
دعونا نبدأ هذه الرحلة من
ألولايات المتحدة الأمريكية
أولا: المفاعلات النووية العاملة
http://www.nrc.gov/images/info-finder/reactor/reactors-map.gif
يمكنكم الضغط على إسم كل مفاعل نووي لرؤية التفاصيل
Arkansas Nuclear (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/ano1.html)1 - Arkansas Nuclear (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/ano2.html)2
Beaver Valley (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/bv1.html)1 - Beaver Valley (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/bv2.html)2 - Braidwood (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/brai1.html)1 - Braidwood (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/brai2.html)2 - Browns Ferry (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/bf1.html)1 - Browns Ferry (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/bf2.html)2 - Browns Ferry (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/bf3.html)3 - Brunswick (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/bru1.html)1 - Brunswick (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/bru2.html)2 - Byron (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/byro1.html)1 - Byron (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/byro2.html)2
Callaway (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/call.html) - Calvert Cliffs (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/calv1.html)1 - Calvert Cliffs (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/calv2.html)2 - Catawba (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/cat1.html)1 - Catawba (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/cat2.html)2 - Clinton (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/clin.html) - Columbia Generating Station (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/wash2.html) - Comanche Peak (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/cp1.html)1 - Comanche Peak (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/cp2.html)2 - Cooper (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/cns.html) - Crystal River (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/cr3.html)3
D.C. Cook (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/cook1.html)1 - D.C. Cook (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/cook2.html)2 - Davis-Besse (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/davi.html)
Diablo Canyon (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/diab1.html)1 - Diablo Canyon (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/diab2.html)2 - Dresden (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/dres2.html)2 - Dresden (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/dres3.html)3 - Duane Arnold (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/duan.html)
Farley (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/far1.html)1 - Farley (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/far2.html)2 - Fermi (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/ferm2.html)2 - FitzPatrick (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/fitz.html) - Fort Calhoun (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/fcs.html)
Ginna (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/ginn.html) - Grand Gulf (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/gg1.html)1
Harris (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/har1.html)1 - Hatch (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/hat1.html)1 - Hatch (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/hat2.html)2 - Hope Creek (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/hope.html)1
Indian Point (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/ip2.html)2 - Indian Point (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/ip3.html)3
Kewaunee (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/kewa.html)
La Salle (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/lasa1.html)1 - La Salle (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/lasa2.html)2 - Limerick (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/lim1.html)1 - Limerick (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/lim2.html)2
McGuire (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/mcg1.html)1 - McGuire (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/mcg2.html)2
Millstone (http://http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/mill2.html)2 - Millstone (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/mill3.html)3 - Monticello (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/mont.html)
Nine Mile Point (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/nmp1.html)1 - Nine Mile Point (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/nmp2.html)2 - North Anna (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/na1.html)1 - North Anna (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/na2.html)2
Oconee (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/oco1.html)1 - Oconee (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/oco2.html)2 - Oconee (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/oco3.html)3 - Oyster Creek (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/oc.html)
Palisades (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/pali.html)- Palo Verde (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/palo1.html)1 - Palo Verde (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/palo2.html)2 - Palo Verde (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/palo3.html)3 - Peach Bottom (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/pb2.html)2 - Peach Bottom (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/pb3.html)3 - Perry (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/perr1.html)1 - Pilgrim (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/pilg.html)1 - Point Beach (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/poin1.html)1 - Point Beach (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/poin2.html)2 - Prairie Island (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/prai1.html)1 - Prairie Island (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/prai2.html)2
Quad Cities (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/quad1.html)1 - Quad Cities (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/quad2.html)2
River Bend (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/rbs1.html)1 - Robinson (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/rob2.html)2
Saint Lucie (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/stl1.html)1 - Saint Lucie (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/stl2.html)2 - Salem (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/salm1.html)1 - Salem (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/salm2.html)2 - San Onofre (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/sano2.html)2 - San Onofre (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/sano3.html)3 - Seabrook (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/seab1.html)1 - Sequoyah (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/seq1.html)1 - Sequoyah (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/seq2.html)2 - South Texas (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/stp1.html)1 - South Texas (http://http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/stp2.html)2 - Summer (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/sum.html) - Surry (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/sur1.html)1 - Surry (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/sur2.html)2 - Susquehanna (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/susq1.html)1 - Susquehanna (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/susq2.html)2
Three Mile Island (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/tmi1.html)1 - Turkey Point (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/tp3.html)3 - Turkey Point (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/tp4.html)4
Vermont Yankee (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/vy.html) - Vogtle (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/vog1.html)1 - Vogtle (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/vog2.html)2
Waterford (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/wat3.html)3 - Watts Bar (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/wb1.html)1 - Wolf Creek (http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/wc.html)1
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ثانيا: المفاعلات النووية التي في طور الإنشاء إضغط هنا (http://www.nrc.gov/reactors/new-reactors/col/new-reactor-map.html)<<
هذا وللحديث بقية